Dirhodium compounds are highly effective catalysts for a broad range of chemical transformations (Doyle, M. P. "Perspective on Dirhodium Carboxamidates as Catalysts" J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 9253-9260). Some of the advantages of these catalysts for chemical syntheses have been described (Doyle, M. P.; Ratnikov, M.; Liu, Y. "Intramolecular catalytic asymmetric carbon-hydrogen insertion reactions. Synthetic advantages in comparison with alternative approaches" Org. Biomol. Chem. 2011, 9, 4007-4016). This presentation will focus on our newest discoveries in three applications: catalytic metal carbene reactions, Lewis acid catalysis, and chemical oxidations, all involving dirhodium catalysts. Diversity in product formation from specific reactants due only to the selection of catalyst will be presented, and the utility of dirhodium catalysis for complex and highly selective transformations of vinylcarbene intermediates will be discussed.