Topological surface states are a class of novel electronic states that are of potential interest in quantum computing or spintronic applications. In topological insulators, the spin texture of the surface states makes them distinct from conventional two-dimensional electron states, and leads to novel properties for these states. These surface states are expected to be immune to localization and to overcome barriers caused by material imperfections. We have used scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy to study the topological surface states in Bi0.9Sb0.1, Sb, and Bi2Te3. By mapping the interference of the surface states scattering off random alloying disorder in Bi0.9Sb0.1, we have demonstrated that despite strong atomic scale disorder, backscattering between states of opposite momentum and opposite spin is absent, resulting from the spin texture [1]. Furthermore, we have measured the transmission and reflection of topological surface states of Sb through naturally occurring crystalline steps separating atomic terraces [2]. In contrast to Schottky surface states of noble metals (such as Ca, Ag, and Au), these surface states penetrate such barriers with high probability. To examine the possibility of disorder induced localization, we investigated the surface states of Bi2Te3 in the presence of local defects. If time permits, I will discuss the results of a statistical analysis of these patterns which can help to learn about the tendency toward localization for these surface states and how this trend is affected as the energy is tuned to the Dirac point.